Linux环境安装Python3

• CentOS 7

yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
yum install zlib zlib-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel readline readline-devel openssl openssl-devel openssl-static xz lzma xz-devel sqlite sqlite-devel gdbm gdbm-devel tk tk-devel libffi libffi-devel gcc make glibc-kernheaders

• Cen原文链接：https://dqzboy.comtOS 8

dnf groupinstall "Development Tools"
dnf install zlib zlib-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel readline readline-devel openssl openssl-devel openssl-static xz lzma xz-devel sqlite sqlite-devel gdbm gdbm-devel tk tk-devel libffi libffi-devel gcc make glibc-kernheaders

• 将软件包上传至服务器或者直接wget下载

# 定义Python版本
PyVer="3.11.3"

# 将软件包上传至服务器或者直接wget下载
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PyVer}/Python-${PyVer}.tgz

[localhost@root ~]# mkdir /usr/local/python3

• 解压至当前所在目录即可

[localhost@root ~]# tar -zxvf Python-${PyVer}.tgz

cd Python-${PyVer}

# 配置程序
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --enable-shared CFLAGS=-fPIC
# 编译安装
make && make install

• 安装完成没有提示错误便安装成功了

libpython3.x.so.1.0 是 Python的共享库文件（Linux 系统上的动态链接库），它包含了 Python3.x解释器的核心代码和函数。这个文件通常会在安装 Python3.x 解释器时生成，并被用于编译和运行 Python3.x的程序。

# 拷贝lib库文件
PY="${PyVer%.*}"
cp /usr/local/python3/lib/libpython${PY}.so.1.0 /usr/lib64/

ln -sv /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -sv /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

python3
pip3 --version

#升级pip3的版本
[root@localhost ~]# pip3 install --upgrade pip
[root@localhost ~]# pip3 --version
pip 20.1.1 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)

• 到此python3安装完成

• 如果是直接替换掉了默认的系统自带的python，那么需要更改以下配置；
  yum包管理是使用python2.x写的，将python2.x升级到python3.7以后，由于python版本语法兼容性导致问题出现

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/bin/yum

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down

PyVer="3.11.0"
PY="${PyVer%.*}"

# 拷贝共享库文件
cp /usr/local/python3/lib/libpython${PY}.so.1.0 /usr/lib64/

[root@localhost ~]# pip3 install Pillow
/usr/local/python3/bin/python3.9: error while loading shared libraries: libpython3.7m.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

//找到libpython3.x.so.1.0存放目录
PyVer="3.11.0"
PY="${PyVer%.*}"

[root@localhost ~]# find / -name libpython${PY}.so.1.0
/usr/local/python3/lib/libpython3.11.so.1.0

//将libpython3.x.so.1.0所在目录输入到python3.x.conf
[root@localhost ~]# echo "/usr/local/python3/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/python${PY}.conf

[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig
[root@localhost ~]# ldd /usr/local/python3/bin/python${PY}